claude-code/ink/ink.tsx

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import autoBind from 'auto-bind';
import { closeSync, constants as fsConstants, openSync, readSync, writeSync } from 'fs';
import noop from 'lodash-es/noop.js';
import throttle from 'lodash-es/throttle.js';
import React, { type ReactNode } from 'react';
import type { FiberRoot } from 'react-reconciler';
import { ConcurrentRoot } from 'react-reconciler/constants.js';
import { onExit } from 'signal-exit';
import { flushInteractionTime } from 'src/bootstrap/state.js';
import { getYogaCounters } from 'src/native-ts/yoga-layout/index.js';
import { logForDebugging } from 'src/utils/debug.js';
import { logError } from 'src/utils/log.js';
import { format } from 'util';
import { colorize } from './colorize.js';
import App from './components/App.js';
import type { CursorDeclaration, CursorDeclarationSetter } from './components/CursorDeclarationContext.js';
import { FRAME_INTERVAL_MS } from './constants.js';
import * as dom from './dom.js';
import { KeyboardEvent } from './events/keyboard-event.js';
import { FocusManager } from './focus.js';
import { emptyFrame, type Frame, type FrameEvent } from './frame.js';
import { dispatchClick, dispatchHover } from './hit-test.js';
import instances from './instances.js';
import { LogUpdate } from './log-update.js';
import { nodeCache } from './node-cache.js';
import { optimize } from './optimizer.js';
import Output from './output.js';
import type { ParsedKey } from './parse-keypress.js';
import reconciler, { dispatcher, getLastCommitMs, getLastYogaMs, isDebugRepaintsEnabled, recordYogaMs, resetProfileCounters } from './reconciler.js';
import renderNodeToOutput, { consumeFollowScroll, didLayoutShift } from './render-node-to-output.js';
import { applyPositionedHighlight, type MatchPosition, scanPositions } from './render-to-screen.js';
import createRenderer, { type Renderer } from './renderer.js';
import { CellWidth, CharPool, cellAt, createScreen, HyperlinkPool, isEmptyCellAt, migrateScreenPools, StylePool } from './screen.js';
import { applySearchHighlight } from './searchHighlight.js';
import { applySelectionOverlay, captureScrolledRows, clearSelection, createSelectionState, extendSelection, type FocusMove, findPlainTextUrlAt, getSelectedText, hasSelection, moveFocus, type SelectionState, selectLineAt, selectWordAt, shiftAnchor, shiftSelection, shiftSelectionForFollow, startSelection, updateSelection } from './selection.js';
import { SYNC_OUTPUT_SUPPORTED, supportsExtendedKeys, type Terminal, writeDiffToTerminal } from './terminal.js';
import { CURSOR_HOME, cursorMove, cursorPosition, DISABLE_KITTY_KEYBOARD, DISABLE_MODIFY_OTHER_KEYS, ENABLE_KITTY_KEYBOARD, ENABLE_MODIFY_OTHER_KEYS, ERASE_SCREEN } from './termio/csi.js';
import { DBP, DFE, DISABLE_MOUSE_TRACKING, ENABLE_MOUSE_TRACKING, ENTER_ALT_SCREEN, EXIT_ALT_SCREEN, SHOW_CURSOR } from './termio/dec.js';
import { CLEAR_ITERM2_PROGRESS, CLEAR_TAB_STATUS, setClipboard, supportsTabStatus, wrapForMultiplexer } from './termio/osc.js';
import { TerminalWriteProvider } from './useTerminalNotification.js';
// Alt-screen: renderer.ts sets cursor.visible = !isTTY || screen.height===0,
// which is always false in alt-screen (TTY + content fills screen).
// Reusing a frozen object saves 1 allocation per frame.
const ALT_SCREEN_ANCHOR_CURSOR = Object.freeze({
x: 0,
y: 0,
visible: false
});
const CURSOR_HOME_PATCH = Object.freeze({
type: 'stdout' as const,
content: CURSOR_HOME
});
const ERASE_THEN_HOME_PATCH = Object.freeze({
type: 'stdout' as const,
content: ERASE_SCREEN + CURSOR_HOME
});
// Cached per-Ink-instance, invalidated on resize. frame.cursor.y for
// alt-screen is always terminalRows - 1 (renderer.ts).
function makeAltScreenParkPatch(terminalRows: number) {
return Object.freeze({
type: 'stdout' as const,
content: cursorPosition(terminalRows, 1)
});
}
export type Options = {
stdout: NodeJS.WriteStream;
stdin: NodeJS.ReadStream;
stderr: NodeJS.WriteStream;
exitOnCtrlC: boolean;
patchConsole: boolean;
waitUntilExit?: () => Promise<void>;
onFrame?: (event: FrameEvent) => void;
};
export default class Ink {
private readonly log: LogUpdate;
private readonly terminal: Terminal;
private scheduleRender: (() => void) & {
cancel?: () => void;
};
// Ignore last render after unmounting a tree to prevent empty output before exit
private isUnmounted = false;
private isPaused = false;
private readonly container: FiberRoot;
private rootNode: dom.DOMElement;
readonly focusManager: FocusManager;
private renderer: Renderer;
private readonly stylePool: StylePool;
private charPool: CharPool;
private hyperlinkPool: HyperlinkPool;
private exitPromise?: Promise<void>;
private restoreConsole?: () => void;
private restoreStderr?: () => void;
private readonly unsubscribeTTYHandlers?: () => void;
private terminalColumns: number;
private terminalRows: number;
private currentNode: ReactNode = null;
private frontFrame: Frame;
private backFrame: Frame;
private lastPoolResetTime = performance.now();
private drainTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
private lastYogaCounters: {
ms: number;
visited: number;
measured: number;
cacheHits: number;
live: number;
} = {
ms: 0,
visited: 0,
measured: 0,
cacheHits: 0,
live: 0
};
private altScreenParkPatch: Readonly<{
type: 'stdout';
content: string;
}>;
// Text selection state (alt-screen only). Owned here so the overlay
// pass in onRender can read it and App.tsx can update it from mouse
// events. Public so instances.get() callers can access.
readonly selection: SelectionState = createSelectionState();
// Search highlight query (alt-screen only). Setter below triggers
// scheduleRender; applySearchHighlight in onRender inverts matching cells.
private searchHighlightQuery = '';
// Position-based highlight. VML scans positions ONCE (via
// scanElementSubtree, when the target message is mounted), stores them
// message-relative, sets this for every-frame apply. rowOffset =
// message's current screen-top. currentIdx = which position is
// "current" (yellow). null clears. Positions are known upfront —
// navigation is index arithmetic, no scan-feedback loop.
private searchPositions: {
positions: MatchPosition[];
rowOffset: number;
currentIdx: number;
} | null = null;
// React-land subscribers for selection state changes (useHasSelection).
// Fired alongside the terminal repaint whenever the selection mutates
// so UI (e.g. footer hints) can react to selection appearing/clearing.
private readonly selectionListeners = new Set<() => void>();
// DOM nodes currently under the pointer (mode-1003 motion). Held here
// so App.tsx's handleMouseEvent is stateless — dispatchHover diffs
// against this set and mutates it in place.
private readonly hoveredNodes = new Set<dom.DOMElement>();
// Set by <AlternateScreen> via setAltScreenActive(). Controls the
// renderer's cursor.y clamping (keeps cursor in-viewport to avoid
// LF-induced scroll when screen.height === terminalRows) and gates
// alt-screen-aware SIGCONT/resize/unmount handling.
private altScreenActive = false;
// Set alongside altScreenActive so SIGCONT resume knows whether to
// re-enable mouse tracking (not all <AlternateScreen> uses want it).
private altScreenMouseTracking = false;
// True when the previous frame's screen buffer cannot be trusted for
// blit — selection overlay mutated it, resetFramesForAltScreen()
// replaced it with blanks, or forceRedraw() reset it to 0×0. Forces
// one full-render frame; steady-state frames after clear it and regain
// the blit + narrow-damage fast path.
private prevFrameContaminated = false;
// Set by handleResize: prepend ERASE_SCREEN to the next onRender's patches
// INSIDE the BSU/ESU block so clear+paint is atomic. Writing ERASE_SCREEN
// synchronously in handleResize would leave the screen blank for the ~80ms
// render() takes; deferring into the atomic block means old content stays
// visible until the new frame is fully ready.
private needsEraseBeforePaint = false;
// Native cursor positioning: a component (via useDeclaredCursor) declares
// where the terminal cursor should be parked after each frame. Terminal
// emulators render IME preedit text at the physical cursor position, and
// screen readers / screen magnifiers track it — so parking at the text
// input's caret makes CJK input appear inline and lets a11y tools follow.
private cursorDeclaration: CursorDeclaration | null = null;
// Main-screen: physical cursor position after the declared-cursor move,
// tracked separately from frame.cursor (which must stay at content-bottom
// for log-update's relative-move invariants). Alt-screen doesn't need
// this — every frame begins with CSI H. null = no move emitted last frame.
private displayCursor: {
x: number;
y: number;
} | null = null;
constructor(private readonly options: Options) {
autoBind(this);
if (this.options.patchConsole) {
this.restoreConsole = this.patchConsole();
this.restoreStderr = this.patchStderr();
}
this.terminal = {
stdout: options.stdout,
stderr: options.stderr
};
this.terminalColumns = options.stdout.columns || 80;
this.terminalRows = options.stdout.rows || 24;
this.altScreenParkPatch = makeAltScreenParkPatch(this.terminalRows);
this.stylePool = new StylePool();
this.charPool = new CharPool();
this.hyperlinkPool = new HyperlinkPool();
this.frontFrame = emptyFrame(this.terminalRows, this.terminalColumns, this.stylePool, this.charPool, this.hyperlinkPool);
this.backFrame = emptyFrame(this.terminalRows, this.terminalColumns, this.stylePool, this.charPool, this.hyperlinkPool);
this.log = new LogUpdate({
isTTY: options.stdout.isTTY as boolean | undefined || false,
stylePool: this.stylePool
});
// scheduleRender is called from the reconciler's resetAfterCommit, which
// runs BEFORE React's layout phase (ref attach + useLayoutEffect). Any
// state set in layout effects — notably the cursorDeclaration from
// useDeclaredCursor — would lag one commit behind if we rendered
// synchronously. Deferring to a microtask runs onRender after layout
// effects have committed, so the native cursor tracks the caret without
// a one-keystroke lag. Same event-loop tick, so throughput is unchanged.
// Test env uses onImmediateRender (direct onRender, no throttle) so
// existing synchronous lastFrame() tests are unaffected.
const deferredRender = (): void => queueMicrotask(this.onRender);
this.scheduleRender = throttle(deferredRender, FRAME_INTERVAL_MS, {
leading: true,
trailing: true
});
// Ignore last render after unmounting a tree to prevent empty output before exit
this.isUnmounted = false;
// Unmount when process exits
this.unsubscribeExit = onExit(this.unmount, {
alwaysLast: false
});
if (options.stdout.isTTY) {
options.stdout.on('resize', this.handleResize);
process.on('SIGCONT', this.handleResume);
this.unsubscribeTTYHandlers = () => {
options.stdout.off('resize', this.handleResize);
process.off('SIGCONT', this.handleResume);
};
}
this.rootNode = dom.createNode('ink-root');
this.focusManager = new FocusManager((target, event) => dispatcher.dispatchDiscrete(target, event));
this.rootNode.focusManager = this.focusManager;
this.renderer = createRenderer(this.rootNode, this.stylePool);
this.rootNode.onRender = this.scheduleRender;
this.rootNode.onImmediateRender = this.onRender;
this.rootNode.onComputeLayout = () => {
// Calculate layout during React's commit phase so useLayoutEffect hooks
// have access to fresh layout data
// Guard against accessing freed Yoga nodes after unmount
if (this.isUnmounted) {
return;
}
if (this.rootNode.yogaNode) {
const t0 = performance.now();
this.rootNode.yogaNode.setWidth(this.terminalColumns);
this.rootNode.yogaNode.calculateLayout(this.terminalColumns);
const ms = performance.now() - t0;
recordYogaMs(ms);
const c = getYogaCounters();
this.lastYogaCounters = {
ms,
...c
};
}
};
// @ts-expect-error @types/react-reconciler@0.32.3 declares 11 args with transitionCallbacks,
// but react-reconciler 0.33.0 source only accepts 10 args (no transitionCallbacks)
this.container = reconciler.createContainer(this.rootNode, ConcurrentRoot, null, false, null, 'id', noop,
// onUncaughtError
noop,
// onCaughtError
noop,
// onRecoverableError
noop // onDefaultTransitionIndicator
);
if ("production" === 'development') {
reconciler.injectIntoDevTools({
bundleType: 0,
// Reporting React DOM's version, not Ink's
// See https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/16666#issuecomment-532639905
version: '16.13.1',
rendererPackageName: 'ink'
});
}
}
private handleResume = () => {
if (!this.options.stdout.isTTY) {
return;
}
// Alt screen: after SIGCONT, content is stale (shell may have written
// to main screen, switching focus away) and mouse tracking was
// disabled by handleSuspend.
if (this.altScreenActive) {
this.reenterAltScreen();
return;
}
// Main screen: start fresh to prevent clobbering terminal content
this.frontFrame = emptyFrame(this.frontFrame.viewport.height, this.frontFrame.viewport.width, this.stylePool, this.charPool, this.hyperlinkPool);
this.backFrame = emptyFrame(this.backFrame.viewport.height, this.backFrame.viewport.width, this.stylePool, this.charPool, this.hyperlinkPool);
this.log.reset();
// Physical cursor position is unknown after the shell took over during
// suspend. Clear displayCursor so the next frame's cursor preamble
// doesn't emit a relative move from a stale park position.
this.displayCursor = null;
};
// NOT debounced. A debounce opens a window where stdout.columns is NEW
// but this.terminalColumns/Yoga are OLD — any scheduleRender during that
// window (spinner, clock) makes log-update detect a width change and
// clear the screen, then the debounce fires and clears again (double
// blank→paint flicker). useVirtualScroll's height scaling already bounds
// the per-resize cost; synchronous handling keeps dimensions consistent.
private handleResize = () => {
const cols = this.options.stdout.columns || 80;
const rows = this.options.stdout.rows || 24;
// Terminals often emit 2+ resize events for one user action (window
// settling). Same-dimension events are no-ops; skip to avoid redundant
// frame resets and renders.
if (cols === this.terminalColumns && rows === this.terminalRows) return;
this.terminalColumns = cols;
this.terminalRows = rows;
this.altScreenParkPatch = makeAltScreenParkPatch(this.terminalRows);
// Alt screen: reset frame buffers so the next render repaints from
// scratch (prevFrameContaminated → every cell written, wrapped in
// BSU/ESU — old content stays visible until the new frame swaps
// atomically). Re-assert mouse tracking (some emulators reset it on
// resize). Do NOT write ENTER_ALT_SCREEN: iTerm2 treats ?1049h as a
// buffer clear even when already in alt — that's the blank flicker.
// Self-healing re-entry (if something kicked us out of alt) is handled
// by handleResume (SIGCONT) and the sleep-wake detector; resize itself
// doesn't exit alt-screen. Do NOT write ERASE_SCREEN: render() below
// can take ~80ms; erasing first leaves the screen blank that whole time.
if (this.altScreenActive && !this.isPaused && this.options.stdout.isTTY) {
if (this.altScreenMouseTracking) {
this.options.stdout.write(ENABLE_MOUSE_TRACKING);
}
this.resetFramesForAltScreen();
this.needsEraseBeforePaint = true;
}
// Re-render the React tree with updated props so the context value changes.
// React's commit phase will call onComputeLayout() to recalculate yoga layout
// with the new dimensions, then call onRender() to render the updated frame.
// We don't call scheduleRender() here because that would render before the
// layout is updated, causing a mismatch between viewport and content dimensions.
if (this.currentNode !== null) {
this.render(this.currentNode);
}
};
resolveExitPromise: () => void = () => {};
rejectExitPromise: (reason?: Error) => void = () => {};
unsubscribeExit: () => void = () => {};
/**
* Pause Ink and hand the terminal over to an external TUI (e.g. git
* commit editor). In non-fullscreen mode this enters the alt screen;
* in fullscreen mode we're already in alt so we just clear it.
* Call `exitAlternateScreen()` when done to restore Ink.
*/
enterAlternateScreen(): void {
this.pause();
this.suspendStdin();
this.options.stdout.write(
// Disable extended key reporting first — editors that don't speak
// CSI-u (e.g. nano) show "Unknown sequence" for every Ctrl-<key> if
// kitty/modifyOtherKeys stays active. exitAlternateScreen re-enables.
DISABLE_KITTY_KEYBOARD + DISABLE_MODIFY_OTHER_KEYS + (this.altScreenMouseTracking ? DISABLE_MOUSE_TRACKING : '') + (
// disable mouse (no-op if off)
this.altScreenActive ? '' : '\x1b[?1049h') +
// enter alt (already in alt if fullscreen)
'\x1b[?1004l' +
// disable focus reporting
'\x1b[0m' +
// reset attributes
'\x1b[?25h' +
// show cursor
'\x1b[2J' +
// clear screen
'\x1b[H' // cursor home
);
}
/**
* Resume Ink after an external TUI handoff with a full repaint.
* In non-fullscreen mode this exits the alt screen back to main;
* in fullscreen mode we re-enter alt and clear + repaint.
*
* The re-enter matters: terminal editors (vim, nano, less) write
* smcup/rmcup (?1049h/?1049l), so even though we started in alt,
* the editor's rmcup on exit drops us to main screen. Without
* re-entering, the 2J below wipes the user's main-screen scrollback
* and subsequent renders land in main native terminal scroll
* returns, fullscreen scroll is dead.
*/
exitAlternateScreen(): void {
this.options.stdout.write((this.altScreenActive ? ENTER_ALT_SCREEN : '') +
// re-enter alt — vim's rmcup dropped us to main
'\x1b[2J' +
// clear screen (now alt if fullscreen)
'\x1b[H' + (
// cursor home
this.altScreenMouseTracking ? ENABLE_MOUSE_TRACKING : '') + (
// re-enable mouse (skip if CLAUDE_CODE_DISABLE_MOUSE)
this.altScreenActive ? '' : '\x1b[?1049l') +
// exit alt (non-fullscreen only)
'\x1b[?25l' // hide cursor (Ink manages)
);
this.resumeStdin();
if (this.altScreenActive) {
this.resetFramesForAltScreen();
} else {
this.repaint();
}
this.resume();
// Re-enable focus reporting and extended key reporting — terminal
// editors (vim, nano, etc.) write their own modifyOtherKeys level on
// entry and reset it on exit, leaving us unable to distinguish
// ctrl+shift+<letter> from ctrl+<letter>. Pop-before-push keeps the
// Kitty stack balanced (a well-behaved editor restores our entry, so
// without the pop we'd accumulate depth on each editor round-trip).
this.options.stdout.write('\x1b[?1004h' + (supportsExtendedKeys() ? DISABLE_KITTY_KEYBOARD + ENABLE_KITTY_KEYBOARD + ENABLE_MODIFY_OTHER_KEYS : ''));
}
onRender() {
if (this.isUnmounted || this.isPaused) {
return;
}
// Entering a render cancels any pending drain tick — this render will
// handle the drain (and re-schedule below if needed). Prevents a
// wheel-event-triggered render AND a drain-timer render both firing.
if (this.drainTimer !== null) {
clearTimeout(this.drainTimer);
this.drainTimer = null;
}
// Flush deferred interaction-time update before rendering so we call
// Date.now() at most once per frame instead of once per keypress.
// Done before the render to avoid dirtying state that would trigger
// an extra React re-render cycle.
flushInteractionTime();
const renderStart = performance.now();
const terminalWidth = this.options.stdout.columns || 80;
const terminalRows = this.options.stdout.rows || 24;
const frame = this.renderer({
frontFrame: this.frontFrame,
backFrame: this.backFrame,
isTTY: this.options.stdout.isTTY,
terminalWidth,
terminalRows,
altScreen: this.altScreenActive,
prevFrameContaminated: this.prevFrameContaminated
});
const rendererMs = performance.now() - renderStart;
// Sticky/auto-follow scrolled the ScrollBox this frame. Translate the
// selection by the same delta so the highlight stays anchored to the
// TEXT (native terminal behavior — the selection walks up the screen
// as content scrolls, eventually clipping at the top). frontFrame
// still holds the PREVIOUS frame's screen (swap is at ~500 below), so
// captureScrolledRows reads the rows that are about to scroll out
// before they're overwritten — the text stays copyable until the
// selection scrolls entirely off. During drag, focus tracks the mouse
// (screen-local) so only anchor shifts — selection grows toward the
// mouse as the anchor walks up. After release, both ends are text-
// anchored and move as a block.
const follow = consumeFollowScroll();
if (follow && this.selection.anchor &&
// Only translate if the selection is ON scrollbox content. Selections
// in the footer/prompt/StickyPromptHeader are on static text — the
// scroll doesn't move what's under them. Without this guard, a
// footer selection would be shifted by -delta then clamped to
// viewportBottom, teleporting it into the scrollbox. Mirror the
// bounds check the deleted check() in ScrollKeybindingHandler had.
this.selection.anchor.row >= follow.viewportTop && this.selection.anchor.row <= follow.viewportBottom) {
const {
delta,
viewportTop,
viewportBottom
} = follow;
// captureScrolledRows and shift* are a pair: capture grabs rows about
// to scroll off, shift moves the selection endpoint so the same rows
// won't intersect again next frame. Capturing without shifting leaves
// the endpoint in place, so the SAME viewport rows re-intersect every
// frame and scrolledOffAbove grows without bound — getSelectedText
// then returns ever-growing text on each re-copy. Keep capture inside
// each shift branch so the pairing can't be broken by a new guard.
if (this.selection.isDragging) {
if (hasSelection(this.selection)) {
captureScrolledRows(this.selection, this.frontFrame.screen, viewportTop, viewportTop + delta - 1, 'above');
}
shiftAnchor(this.selection, -delta, viewportTop, viewportBottom);
} else if (
// Flag-3 guard: the anchor check above only proves ONE endpoint is
// on scrollbox content. A drag from row 3 (scrollbox) into the
// footer at row 6, then release, leaves focus outside the viewport
// — shiftSelectionForFollow would clamp it to viewportBottom,
// teleporting the highlight from static footer into the scrollbox.
// Symmetric check: require BOTH ends inside to translate. A
// straddling selection falls through to NEITHER shift NOR capture:
// the footer endpoint pins the selection, text scrolls away under
// the highlight, and getSelectedText reads the CURRENT screen
// contents — no accumulation. Dragging branch doesn't need this:
// shiftAnchor ignores focus, and the anchor DOES shift (so capture
// is correct there even when focus is in the footer).
!this.selection.focus || this.selection.focus.row >= viewportTop && this.selection.focus.row <= viewportBottom) {
if (hasSelection(this.selection)) {
captureScrolledRows(this.selection, this.frontFrame.screen, viewportTop, viewportTop + delta - 1, 'above');
}
const cleared = shiftSelectionForFollow(this.selection, -delta, viewportTop, viewportBottom);
// Auto-clear (both ends overshot minRow) must notify React-land
// so useHasSelection re-renders and the footer copy/escape hint
// disappears. notifySelectionChange() would recurse into onRender;
// fire the listeners directly — they schedule a React update for
// LATER, they don't re-enter this frame.
if (cleared) for (const cb of this.selectionListeners) cb();
}
}
// Selection overlay: invert cell styles in the screen buffer itself,
// so the diff picks up selection as ordinary cell changes and
// LogUpdate remains a pure diff engine.
//
// Full-screen damage (PR #20120) is a correctness backstop for the
// sibling-resize bleed: when flexbox siblings resize between frames
// (spinner appears → bottom grows → scrollbox shrinks), the
// cached-clear + clip-and-cull + setCellAt damage union can miss
// transition cells at the boundary. But that only happens when layout
// actually SHIFTS — didLayoutShift() tracks exactly this (any node's
// cached yoga position/size differs from current, or a child was
// removed). Steady-state frames (spinner rotate, clock tick, text
// stream into fixed-height box) don't shift layout, so normal damage
// bounds are correct and diffEach only compares the damaged region.
//
// Selection also requires full damage: overlay writes via setCellStyleId
// which doesn't track damage, and prev-frame overlay cells need to be
// compared when selection moves/clears. prevFrameContaminated covers
// the frame-after-selection-clears case.
let selActive = false;
let hlActive = false;
if (this.altScreenActive) {
selActive = hasSelection(this.selection);
if (selActive) {
applySelectionOverlay(frame.screen, this.selection, this.stylePool);
}
// Scan-highlight: inverse on ALL visible matches (less/vim style).
// Position-highlight (below) overlays CURRENT (yellow) on top.
hlActive = applySearchHighlight(frame.screen, this.searchHighlightQuery, this.stylePool);
// Position-based CURRENT: write yellow at positions[currentIdx] +
// rowOffset. No scanning — positions came from a prior scan when
// the message first mounted. Message-relative + rowOffset = screen.
if (this.searchPositions) {
const sp = this.searchPositions;
const posApplied = applyPositionedHighlight(frame.screen, this.stylePool, sp.positions, sp.rowOffset, sp.currentIdx);
hlActive = hlActive || posApplied;
}
}
// Full-damage backstop: applies on BOTH alt-screen and main-screen.
// Layout shifts (spinner appears, status line resizes) can leave stale
// cells at sibling boundaries that per-node damage tracking misses.
// Selection/highlight overlays write via setCellStyleId which doesn't
// track damage. prevFrameContaminated covers the cleanup frame.
if (didLayoutShift() || selActive || hlActive || this.prevFrameContaminated) {
frame.screen.damage = {
x: 0,
y: 0,
width: frame.screen.width,
height: frame.screen.height
};
}
// Alt-screen: anchor the physical cursor to (0,0) before every diff.
// All cursor moves in log-update are RELATIVE to prev.cursor; if tmux
// (or any emulator) perturbs the physical cursor out-of-band (status
// bar refresh, pane redraw, Cmd+K wipe), the relative moves drift and
// content creeps up 1 row/frame. CSI H resets the physical cursor;
// passing prev.cursor=(0,0) makes the diff compute from the same spot.
// Self-healing against any external cursor manipulation. Main-screen
// can't do this — cursor.y tracks scrollback rows CSI H can't reach.
// The CSI H write is deferred until after the diff is computed so we
// can skip it for empty diffs (no writes → physical cursor unused).
let prevFrame = this.frontFrame;
if (this.altScreenActive) {
prevFrame = {
...this.frontFrame,
cursor: ALT_SCREEN_ANCHOR_CURSOR
};
}
const tDiff = performance.now();
const diff = this.log.render(prevFrame, frame, this.altScreenActive,
// DECSTBM needs BSU/ESU atomicity — without it the outer terminal
// renders the scrolled-but-not-yet-repainted intermediate state.
// tmux is the main case (re-emits DECSTBM with its own timing and
// doesn't implement DEC 2026, so SYNC_OUTPUT_SUPPORTED is false).
SYNC_OUTPUT_SUPPORTED);
const diffMs = performance.now() - tDiff;
// Swap buffers
this.backFrame = this.frontFrame;
this.frontFrame = frame;
// Periodically reset char/hyperlink pools to prevent unbounded growth
// during long sessions. 5 minutes is infrequent enough that the O(cells)
// migration cost is negligible. Reuses renderStart to avoid extra clock call.
if (renderStart - this.lastPoolResetTime > 5 * 60 * 1000) {
this.resetPools();
this.lastPoolResetTime = renderStart;
}
const flickers: FrameEvent['flickers'] = [];
for (const patch of diff) {
if (patch.type === 'clearTerminal') {
flickers.push({
desiredHeight: frame.screen.height,
availableHeight: frame.viewport.height,
reason: patch.reason
});
if (isDebugRepaintsEnabled() && patch.debug) {
const chain = dom.findOwnerChainAtRow(this.rootNode, patch.debug.triggerY);
logForDebugging(`[REPAINT] full reset · ${patch.reason} · row ${patch.debug.triggerY}\n` + ` prev: "${patch.debug.prevLine}"\n` + ` next: "${patch.debug.nextLine}"\n` + ` culprit: ${chain.length ? chain.join(' < ') : '(no owner chain captured)'}`, {
level: 'warn'
});
}
}
}
const tOptimize = performance.now();
const optimized = optimize(diff);
const optimizeMs = performance.now() - tOptimize;
const hasDiff = optimized.length > 0;
if (this.altScreenActive && hasDiff) {
// Prepend CSI H to anchor the physical cursor to (0,0) so
// log-update's relative moves compute from a known spot (self-healing
// against out-of-band cursor drift, see the ALT_SCREEN_ANCHOR_CURSOR
// comment above). Append CSI row;1 H to park the cursor at the bottom
// row (where the prompt input is) — without this, the cursor ends
// wherever the last diff write landed (a different row every frame),
// making iTerm2's cursor guide flicker as it chases the cursor.
// BSU/ESU protects content atomicity but iTerm2's guide tracks cursor
// position independently. Parking at bottom (not 0,0) keeps the guide
// where the user's attention is.
//
// After resize, prepend ERASE_SCREEN too. The diff only writes cells
// that changed; cells where new=blank and prev-buffer=blank get skipped
// — but the physical terminal still has stale content there (shorter
// lines at new width leave old-width text tails visible). ERASE inside
// BSU/ESU is atomic: old content stays visible until the whole
// erase+paint lands, then swaps in one go. Writing ERASE_SCREEN
// synchronously in handleResize would blank the screen for the ~80ms
// render() takes.
if (this.needsEraseBeforePaint) {
this.needsEraseBeforePaint = false;
optimized.unshift(ERASE_THEN_HOME_PATCH);
} else {
optimized.unshift(CURSOR_HOME_PATCH);
}
optimized.push(this.altScreenParkPatch);
}
// Native cursor positioning: park the terminal cursor at the declared
// position so IME preedit text renders inline and screen readers /
// magnifiers can follow the input. nodeCache holds the absolute screen
// rect populated by renderNodeToOutput this frame (including scrollTop
// translation) — if the declared node didn't render (stale declaration
// after remount, or scrolled out of view), it won't be in the cache
// and no move is emitted.
const decl = this.cursorDeclaration;
const rect = decl !== null ? nodeCache.get(decl.node) : undefined;
const target = decl !== null && rect !== undefined ? {
x: rect.x + decl.relativeX,
y: rect.y + decl.relativeY
} : null;
const parked = this.displayCursor;
// Preserve the empty-diff zero-write fast path: skip all cursor writes
// when nothing rendered AND the park target is unchanged.
const targetMoved = target !== null && (parked === null || parked.x !== target.x || parked.y !== target.y);
if (hasDiff || targetMoved || target === null && parked !== null) {
// Main-screen preamble: log-update's relative moves assume the
// physical cursor is at prevFrame.cursor. If last frame parked it
// elsewhere, move back before the diff runs. Alt-screen's CSI H
// already resets to (0,0) so no preamble needed.
if (parked !== null && !this.altScreenActive && hasDiff) {
const pdx = prevFrame.cursor.x - parked.x;
const pdy = prevFrame.cursor.y - parked.y;
if (pdx !== 0 || pdy !== 0) {
optimized.unshift({
type: 'stdout',
content: cursorMove(pdx, pdy)
});
}
}
if (target !== null) {
if (this.altScreenActive) {
// Absolute CUP (1-indexed); next frame's CSI H resets regardless.
// Emitted after altScreenParkPatch so the declared position wins.
const row = Math.min(Math.max(target.y + 1, 1), terminalRows);
const col = Math.min(Math.max(target.x + 1, 1), terminalWidth);
optimized.push({
type: 'stdout',
content: cursorPosition(row, col)
});
} else {
// After the diff (or preamble), cursor is at frame.cursor. If no
// diff AND previously parked, it's still at the old park position
// (log-update wrote nothing). Otherwise it's at frame.cursor.
const from = !hasDiff && parked !== null ? parked : {
x: frame.cursor.x,
y: frame.cursor.y
};
const dx = target.x - from.x;
const dy = target.y - from.y;
if (dx !== 0 || dy !== 0) {
optimized.push({
type: 'stdout',
content: cursorMove(dx, dy)
});
}
}
this.displayCursor = target;
} else {
// Declaration cleared (input blur, unmount). Restore physical cursor
// to frame.cursor before forgetting the park position — otherwise
// displayCursor=null lies about where the cursor is, and the NEXT
// frame's preamble (or log-update's relative moves) computes from a
// wrong spot. The preamble above handles hasDiff; this handles
// !hasDiff (e.g. accessibility mode where blur doesn't change
// renderedValue since invert is identity).
if (parked !== null && !this.altScreenActive && !hasDiff) {
const rdx = frame.cursor.x - parked.x;
const rdy = frame.cursor.y - parked.y;
if (rdx !== 0 || rdy !== 0) {
optimized.push({
type: 'stdout',
content: cursorMove(rdx, rdy)
});
}
}
this.displayCursor = null;
}
}
const tWrite = performance.now();
writeDiffToTerminal(this.terminal, optimized, this.altScreenActive && !SYNC_OUTPUT_SUPPORTED);
const writeMs = performance.now() - tWrite;
// Update blit safety for the NEXT frame. The frame just rendered
// becomes frontFrame (= next frame's prevScreen). If we applied the
// selection overlay, that buffer has inverted cells. selActive/hlActive
// are only ever true in alt-screen; in main-screen this is false→false.
this.prevFrameContaminated = selActive || hlActive;
// A ScrollBox has pendingScrollDelta left to drain — schedule the next
// frame. MUST NOT call this.scheduleRender() here: we're inside a
// trailing-edge throttle invocation, timerId is undefined, and lodash's
// debounce sees timeSinceLastCall >= wait (last call was at the start
// of this window) → leadingEdge fires IMMEDIATELY → double render ~0.1ms
// apart → jank. Use a plain timeout. If a wheel event arrives first,
// its scheduleRender path fires a render which clears this timer at
// the top of onRender — no double.
//
// Drain frames are cheap (DECSTBM + ~10 patches, ~200 bytes) so run at
// quarter interval (~250fps, setTimeout practical floor) for max scroll
// speed. Regular renders stay at FRAME_INTERVAL_MS via the throttle.
if (frame.scrollDrainPending) {
this.drainTimer = setTimeout(() => this.onRender(), FRAME_INTERVAL_MS >> 2);
}
const yogaMs = getLastYogaMs();
const commitMs = getLastCommitMs();
const yc = this.lastYogaCounters;
// Reset so drain-only frames (no React commit) don't repeat stale values.
resetProfileCounters();
this.lastYogaCounters = {
ms: 0,
visited: 0,
measured: 0,
cacheHits: 0,
live: 0
};
this.options.onFrame?.({
durationMs: performance.now() - renderStart,
phases: {
renderer: rendererMs,
diff: diffMs,
optimize: optimizeMs,
write: writeMs,
patches: diff.length,
yoga: yogaMs,
commit: commitMs,
yogaVisited: yc.visited,
yogaMeasured: yc.measured,
yogaCacheHits: yc.cacheHits,
yogaLive: yc.live
},
flickers
});
}
pause(): void {
// Flush pending React updates and render before pausing.
// @ts-expect-error flushSyncFromReconciler exists in react-reconciler 0.31 but not in @types/react-reconciler
reconciler.flushSyncFromReconciler();
this.onRender();
this.isPaused = true;
}
resume(): void {
this.isPaused = false;
this.onRender();
}
/**
* Reset frame buffers so the next render writes the full screen from scratch.
* Call this before resume() when the terminal content has been corrupted by
* an external process (e.g. tmux, shell, full-screen TUI).
*/
repaint(): void {
this.frontFrame = emptyFrame(this.frontFrame.viewport.height, this.frontFrame.viewport.width, this.stylePool, this.charPool, this.hyperlinkPool);
this.backFrame = emptyFrame(this.backFrame.viewport.height, this.backFrame.viewport.width, this.stylePool, this.charPool, this.hyperlinkPool);
this.log.reset();
// Physical cursor position is unknown after external terminal corruption.
// Clear displayCursor so the cursor preamble doesn't emit a stale
// relative move from where we last parked it.
this.displayCursor = null;
}
/**
* Clear the physical terminal and force a full redraw.
*
* The traditional readline ctrl+l clears the visible screen and
* redraws the current content. Also the recovery path when the terminal
* was cleared externally (macOS Cmd+K) and Ink's diff engine thinks
* unchanged cells don't need repainting. Scrollback is preserved.
*/
forceRedraw(): void {
if (!this.options.stdout.isTTY || this.isUnmounted || this.isPaused) return;
this.options.stdout.write(ERASE_SCREEN + CURSOR_HOME);
if (this.altScreenActive) {
this.resetFramesForAltScreen();
} else {
this.repaint();
// repaint() resets frontFrame to 0×0. Without this flag the next
// frame's blit optimization copies from that empty screen and the
// diff sees no content. onRender resets the flag at frame end.
this.prevFrameContaminated = true;
}
this.onRender();
}
/**
* Mark the previous frame as untrustworthy for blit, forcing the next
* render to do a full-damage diff instead of the per-node fast path.
*
* Lighter than forceRedraw() no screen clear, no extra write. Call
* from a useLayoutEffect cleanup when unmounting a tall overlay: the
* blit fast path can copy stale cells from the overlay frame into rows
* the shrunken layout no longer reaches, leaving a ghost title/divider.
* onRender resets the flag at frame end so it's one-shot.
*/
invalidatePrevFrame(): void {
this.prevFrameContaminated = true;
}
/**
* Called by the <AlternateScreen> component on mount/unmount.
* Controls cursor.y clamping in the renderer and gates alt-screen-aware
* behavior in SIGCONT/resize/unmount handlers. Repaints on change so
* the first alt-screen frame (and first main-screen frame on exit) is
* a full redraw with no stale diff state.
*/
setAltScreenActive(active: boolean, mouseTracking = false): void {
if (this.altScreenActive === active) return;
this.altScreenActive = active;
this.altScreenMouseTracking = active && mouseTracking;
if (active) {
this.resetFramesForAltScreen();
} else {
this.repaint();
}
}
get isAltScreenActive(): boolean {
return this.altScreenActive;
}
/**
* Re-assert terminal modes after a gap (>5s stdin silence or event-loop
* stall). Catches tmux detachattach, ssh reconnect, and laptop
* sleep/wake none of which send SIGCONT. The terminal may reset DEC
* private modes on reconnect; this method restores them.
*
* Always re-asserts extended key reporting and mouse tracking. Mouse
* tracking is idempotent (DEC private mode set-when-set is a no-op). The
* Kitty keyboard protocol is NOT CSI >1u is a stack push, so we pop
* first to keep depth balanced (pop on empty stack is a no-op per spec,
* so after a terminal reset this still restores depth 01). Without the
* pop, each >5s idle gap adds a stack entry, and the single pop on exit
* or suspend can't drain them the shell is left in CSI u mode where
* Ctrl+C/Ctrl+D leak as escape sequences. The alt-screen
* re-entry (ERASE_SCREEN + frame reset) is NOT idempotent it blanks the
* screen so it's opt-in via includeAltScreen. The stdin-gap caller fires
* on ordinary >5s idle + keypress and must not erase; the event-loop stall
* detector fires on genuine sleep/wake and opts in. tmux attach / ssh
* reconnect typically send a resize, which already covers alt-screen via
* handleResize.
*/
reassertTerminalModes = (includeAltScreen = false): void => {
if (!this.options.stdout.isTTY) return;
// Don't touch the terminal during an editor handoff — re-enabling kitty
// keyboard here would undo enterAlternateScreen's disable and nano would
// start seeing CSI-u sequences again.
if (this.isPaused) return;
// Extended keys — re-assert if enabled (App.tsx enables these on
// allowlisted terminals at raw-mode entry; a terminal reset clears them).
// Pop-before-push keeps Kitty stack depth at 1 instead of accumulating
// on each call.
if (supportsExtendedKeys()) {
this.options.stdout.write(DISABLE_KITTY_KEYBOARD + ENABLE_KITTY_KEYBOARD + ENABLE_MODIFY_OTHER_KEYS);
}
if (!this.altScreenActive) return;
// Mouse tracking — idempotent, safe to re-assert on every stdin gap.
if (this.altScreenMouseTracking) {
this.options.stdout.write(ENABLE_MOUSE_TRACKING);
}
// Alt-screen re-entry — destructive (ERASE_SCREEN). Only for callers that
// have a strong signal the terminal actually dropped mode 1049.
if (includeAltScreen) {
this.reenterAltScreen();
}
};
/**
* Mark this instance as unmounted so future unmount() calls early-return.
* Called by gracefulShutdown's cleanupTerminalModes() after it has sent
* EXIT_ALT_SCREEN but before the remaining terminal-reset sequences.
* Without this, signal-exit's deferred ink.unmount() (triggered by
* process.exit()) runs the full unmount path: onRender() + writeSync
* cleanup block + updateContainerSync AlternateScreen unmount cleanup.
* The result is 2-3 redundant EXIT_ALT_SCREEN sequences landing on the
* main screen AFTER printResumeHint(), which tmux (at least) interprets
* as restoring the saved cursor position clobbering the resume hint.
*/
detachForShutdown(): void {
this.isUnmounted = true;
// Cancel any pending throttled render so it doesn't fire between
// cleanupTerminalModes() and process.exit() and write to main screen.
this.scheduleRender.cancel?.();
// Restore stdin from raw mode. unmount() used to do this via React
// unmount (App.componentWillUnmount → handleSetRawMode(false)) but we're
// short-circuiting that path. Must use this.options.stdin — NOT
// process.stdin — because getStdinOverride() may have opened /dev/tty
// when stdin is piped.
const stdin = this.options.stdin as NodeJS.ReadStream & {
isRaw?: boolean;
setRawMode?: (m: boolean) => void;
};
this.drainStdin();
if (stdin.isTTY && stdin.isRaw && stdin.setRawMode) {
stdin.setRawMode(false);
}
}
/** @see drainStdin */
drainStdin(): void {
drainStdin(this.options.stdin);
}
/**
* Re-enter alt-screen, clear, home, re-enable mouse tracking, and reset
* frame buffers so the next render repaints from scratch. Self-heal for
* SIGCONT, resize, and stdin-gap/event-loop-stall (sleep/wake) any of
* which can leave the terminal in main-screen mode while altScreenActive
* stays true. ENTER_ALT_SCREEN is a terminal-side no-op if already in alt.
*/
private reenterAltScreen(): void {
this.options.stdout.write(ENTER_ALT_SCREEN + ERASE_SCREEN + CURSOR_HOME + (this.altScreenMouseTracking ? ENABLE_MOUSE_TRACKING : ''));
this.resetFramesForAltScreen();
}
/**
* Seed prev/back frames with full-size BLANK screens (rows×cols of empty
* cells, not 0×0). In alt-screen mode, next.screen.height is always
* terminalRows; if prev.screen.height is 0 (emptyFrame's default),
* log-update sees heightDelta > 0 ('growing') and calls renderFrameSlice,
* whose trailing per-row CR+LF at the last row scrolls the alt screen,
* permanently desyncing the virtual and physical cursors by 1 row.
*
* With a rows×cols blank prev, heightDelta === 0 standard diffEach
* moveCursorTo (CSI cursorMove, no LF, no scroll).
*
* viewport.height = rows + 1 matches the renderer's alt-screen output,
* preventing a spurious resize trigger on the first frame. cursor.y = 0
* matches the physical cursor after ENTER_ALT_SCREEN + CSI H (home).
*/
private resetFramesForAltScreen(): void {
const rows = this.terminalRows;
const cols = this.terminalColumns;
const blank = (): Frame => ({
screen: createScreen(cols, rows, this.stylePool, this.charPool, this.hyperlinkPool),
viewport: {
width: cols,
height: rows + 1
},
cursor: {
x: 0,
y: 0,
visible: true
}
});
this.frontFrame = blank();
this.backFrame = blank();
this.log.reset();
// Defense-in-depth: alt-screen skips the cursor preamble anyway (CSI H
// resets), but a stale displayCursor would be misleading if we later
// exit to main-screen without an intervening render.
this.displayCursor = null;
// Fresh frontFrame is blank rows×cols — blitting from it would copy
// blanks over content. Next alt-screen frame must full-render.
this.prevFrameContaminated = true;
}
/**
* Copy the current selection to the clipboard without clearing the
* highlight. Matches iTerm2's copy-on-select behavior where the selected
* region stays visible after the automatic copy.
*/
copySelectionNoClear(): string {
if (!hasSelection(this.selection)) return '';
const text = getSelectedText(this.selection, this.frontFrame.screen);
if (text) {
// Raw OSC 52, or DCS-passthrough-wrapped OSC 52 inside tmux (tmux
// drops it silently unless allow-passthrough is on — no regression).
void setClipboard(text).then(raw => {
if (raw) this.options.stdout.write(raw);
});
}
return text;
}
/**
* Copy the current text selection to the system clipboard via OSC 52
* and clear the selection. Returns the copied text (empty if no selection).
*/
copySelection(): string {
if (!hasSelection(this.selection)) return '';
const text = this.copySelectionNoClear();
clearSelection(this.selection);
this.notifySelectionChange();
return text;
}
/** Clear the current text selection without copying. */
clearTextSelection(): void {
if (!hasSelection(this.selection)) return;
clearSelection(this.selection);
this.notifySelectionChange();
}
/**
* Set the search highlight query. Non-empty all visible occurrences
* are inverted (SGR 7) on the next frame; first one also underlined.
* Empty clears (prevFrameContaminated handles the frame after). Same
* damage-tracking machinery as selection setCellStyleId doesn't track
* damage, so the overlay forces full-frame damage while active.
*/
setSearchHighlight(query: string): void {
if (this.searchHighlightQuery === query) return;
this.searchHighlightQuery = query;
this.scheduleRender();
}
/** Paint an EXISTING DOM subtree to a fresh Screen at its natural
* height, scan for query. Returns positions relative to the element's
* bounding box (row 0 = element top).
*
* The element comes from the MAIN tree built with all real
* providers, yoga already computed. We paint it to a fresh buffer
* with offsets so it lands at (0,0). Same paint path as the main
* render. Zero drift. No second React root, no context bridge.
*
* ~1-2ms (paint only, no reconcile the DOM is already built). */
scanElementSubtree(el: dom.DOMElement): MatchPosition[] {
if (!this.searchHighlightQuery || !el.yogaNode) return [];
const width = Math.ceil(el.yogaNode.getComputedWidth());
const height = Math.ceil(el.yogaNode.getComputedHeight());
if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) return [];
// renderNodeToOutput adds el's OWN computedLeft/Top to offsetX/Y.
// Passing -elLeft/-elTop nets to 0 → paints at (0,0) in our buffer.
const elLeft = el.yogaNode.getComputedLeft();
const elTop = el.yogaNode.getComputedTop();
const screen = createScreen(width, height, this.stylePool, this.charPool, this.hyperlinkPool);
const output = new Output({
width,
height,
stylePool: this.stylePool,
screen
});
renderNodeToOutput(el, output, {
offsetX: -elLeft,
offsetY: -elTop,
prevScreen: undefined
});
const rendered = output.get();
// renderNodeToOutput wrote our offset positions to nodeCache —
// corrupts the main render (it'd blit from wrong coords). Mark the
// subtree dirty so the next main render repaints + re-caches
// correctly. One extra paint of this message, but correct > fast.
dom.markDirty(el);
const positions = scanPositions(rendered, this.searchHighlightQuery);
logForDebugging(`scanElementSubtree: q='${this.searchHighlightQuery}' ` + `el=${width}x${height}@(${elLeft},${elTop}) n=${positions.length} ` + `[${positions.slice(0, 10).map(p => `${p.row}:${p.col}`).join(',')}` + `${positions.length > 10 ? ',…' : ''}]`);
return positions;
}
/** Set the position-based highlight state. Every frame, writes CURRENT
* style at positions[currentIdx] + rowOffset. null clears. The scan-
* highlight (inverse on all matches) still runs this overlays yellow
* on top. rowOffset changes as the user scrolls (= message's current
* screen-top); positions stay stable (message-relative). */
setSearchPositions(state: {
positions: MatchPosition[];
rowOffset: number;
currentIdx: number;
} | null): void {
this.searchPositions = state;
this.scheduleRender();
}
/**
* Set the selection highlight background color. Replaces the per-cell
* SGR-7 inverse with a solid theme-aware bg (matches native terminal
* selection). Accepts the same color formats as Text backgroundColor
* (rgb(), ansi:name, #hex, ansi256()) colorize() routes through
* chalk so the tmux/xterm.js level clamps in colorize.ts apply and
* the emitted SGR is correct for the current terminal.
*
* Called by React-land once theme is known (ScrollKeybindingHandler's
* useEffect watching useTheme). Before that call, withSelectionBg
* falls back to withInverse so selection still renders on the first
* frame; the effect fires before any mouse input so the fallback is
* unobservable in practice.
*/
setSelectionBgColor(color: string): void {
// Wrap a NUL marker, then split on it to extract the open/close SGR.
// colorize returns the input unchanged if the color string is bad —
// no NUL-split then, so fall through to null (inverse fallback).
const wrapped = colorize('\0', color, 'background');
const nul = wrapped.indexOf('\0');
if (nul <= 0 || nul === wrapped.length - 1) {
this.stylePool.setSelectionBg(null);
return;
}
this.stylePool.setSelectionBg({
type: 'ansi',
code: wrapped.slice(0, nul),
endCode: wrapped.slice(nul + 1) // always \x1b[49m for bg
});
// No scheduleRender: this is called from a React effect that already
// runs inside the render cycle, and the bg only matters once a
// selection exists (which itself triggers a full-damage frame).
}
/**
* Capture text from rows about to scroll out of the viewport during
* drag-to-scroll. Must be called BEFORE the ScrollBox scrolls so the
* screen buffer still holds the outgoing content. Accumulated into
* the selection state and joined back in by getSelectedText.
*/
captureScrolledRows(firstRow: number, lastRow: number, side: 'above' | 'below'): void {
captureScrolledRows(this.selection, this.frontFrame.screen, firstRow, lastRow, side);
}
/**
* Shift anchor AND focus by dRow, clamped to [minRow, maxRow]. Used by
* keyboard scroll handlers (PgUp/PgDn etc.) so the highlight tracks the
* content instead of disappearing. Unlike shiftAnchor (drag-to-scroll),
* this moves BOTH endpoints the user isn't holding the mouse at one
* edge. Supplies screen.width for the col-reset-on-clamp boundary.
*/
shiftSelectionForScroll(dRow: number, minRow: number, maxRow: number): void {
const hadSel = hasSelection(this.selection);
shiftSelection(this.selection, dRow, minRow, maxRow, this.frontFrame.screen.width);
// shiftSelection clears when both endpoints overshoot the same edge
// (Home/g/End/G page-jump past the selection). Notify subscribers so
// useHasSelection updates. Safe to call notifySelectionChange here —
// this runs from keyboard handlers, not inside onRender().
if (hadSel && !hasSelection(this.selection)) {
this.notifySelectionChange();
}
}
/**
* Keyboard selection extension (shift+arrow/home/end). Moves focus;
* anchor stays fixed so the highlight grows or shrinks relative to it.
* Left/right wrap across row boundaries native macOS text-edit
* behavior: shift+left at col 0 wraps to end of the previous row.
* Up/down clamp at viewport edges (no scroll-to-extend yet). Drops to
* char mode. No-op outside alt-screen or without an active selection.
*/
moveSelectionFocus(move: FocusMove): void {
if (!this.altScreenActive) return;
const {
focus
} = this.selection;
if (!focus) return;
const {
width,
height
} = this.frontFrame.screen;
const maxCol = width - 1;
const maxRow = height - 1;
let {
col,
row
} = focus;
switch (move) {
case 'left':
if (col > 0) col--;else if (row > 0) {
col = maxCol;
row--;
}
break;
case 'right':
if (col < maxCol) col++;else if (row < maxRow) {
col = 0;
row++;
}
break;
case 'up':
if (row > 0) row--;
break;
case 'down':
if (row < maxRow) row++;
break;
case 'lineStart':
col = 0;
break;
case 'lineEnd':
col = maxCol;
break;
}
if (col === focus.col && row === focus.row) return;
moveFocus(this.selection, col, row);
this.notifySelectionChange();
}
/** Whether there is an active text selection. */
hasTextSelection(): boolean {
return hasSelection(this.selection);
}
/**
* Subscribe to selection state changes. Fires whenever the selection
* is started, updated, cleared, or copied. Returns an unsubscribe fn.
*/
subscribeToSelectionChange(cb: () => void): () => void {
this.selectionListeners.add(cb);
return () => this.selectionListeners.delete(cb);
}
private notifySelectionChange(): void {
this.onRender();
for (const cb of this.selectionListeners) cb();
}
/**
* Hit-test the rendered DOM tree at (col, row) and bubble a ClickEvent
* from the deepest hit node up through ancestors with onClick handlers.
* Returns true if a DOM handler consumed the click. Gated on
* altScreenActive clicks only make sense with a fixed viewport where
* nodeCache rects map 1:1 to terminal cells (no scrollback offset).
*/
dispatchClick(col: number, row: number): boolean {
if (!this.altScreenActive) return false;
const blank = isEmptyCellAt(this.frontFrame.screen, col, row);
return dispatchClick(this.rootNode, col, row, blank);
}
dispatchHover(col: number, row: number): void {
if (!this.altScreenActive) return;
dispatchHover(this.rootNode, col, row, this.hoveredNodes);
}
dispatchKeyboardEvent(parsedKey: ParsedKey): void {
const target = this.focusManager.activeElement ?? this.rootNode;
const event = new KeyboardEvent(parsedKey);
dispatcher.dispatchDiscrete(target, event);
// Tab cycling is the default action — only fires if no handler
// called preventDefault(). Mirrors browser behavior.
if (!event.defaultPrevented && parsedKey.name === 'tab' && !parsedKey.ctrl && !parsedKey.meta) {
if (parsedKey.shift) {
this.focusManager.focusPrevious(this.rootNode);
} else {
this.focusManager.focusNext(this.rootNode);
}
}
}
/**
* Look up the URL at (col, row) in the current front frame. Checks for
* an OSC 8 hyperlink first, then falls back to scanning the row for a
* plain-text URL (mouse tracking intercepts the terminal's native
* Cmd+Click URL detection, so we replicate it). This is a pure lookup
* with no side effects call it synchronously at click time so the
* result reflects the screen the user actually clicked on, then defer
* the browser-open action via a timer.
*/
getHyperlinkAt(col: number, row: number): string | undefined {
if (!this.altScreenActive) return undefined;
const screen = this.frontFrame.screen;
const cell = cellAt(screen, col, row);
let url = cell?.hyperlink;
// SpacerTail cells (right half of wide/CJK/emoji chars) store the
// hyperlink on the head cell at col-1.
if (!url && cell?.width === CellWidth.SpacerTail && col > 0) {
url = cellAt(screen, col - 1, row)?.hyperlink;
}
return url ?? findPlainTextUrlAt(screen, col, row);
}
/**
* Optional callback fired when clicking an OSC 8 hyperlink in fullscreen
* mode. Set by FullscreenLayout via useLayoutEffect.
*/
onHyperlinkClick: ((url: string) => void) | undefined;
/**
* Stable prototype wrapper for onHyperlinkClick. Passed to <App> as
* onOpenHyperlink so the prop is a bound method (autoBind'd) that reads
* the mutable field at call time not the undefined-at-render value.
*/
openHyperlink(url: string): void {
this.onHyperlinkClick?.(url);
}
/**
* Handle a double- or triple-click at (col, row): select the word or
* line under the cursor by reading the current screen buffer. Called on
* PRESS (not release) so the highlight appears immediately and drag can
* extend the selection word-by-word / line-by-line. Falls back to
* char-mode startSelection if the click lands on a noSelect cell.
*/
handleMultiClick(col: number, row: number, count: 2 | 3): void {
if (!this.altScreenActive) return;
const screen = this.frontFrame.screen;
// selectWordAt/selectLineAt no-op on noSelect/out-of-bounds. Seed with
// a char-mode selection so the press still starts a drag even if the
// word/line scan finds nothing selectable.
startSelection(this.selection, col, row);
if (count === 2) selectWordAt(this.selection, screen, col, row);else selectLineAt(this.selection, screen, row);
// Ensure hasSelection is true so release doesn't re-dispatch onClickAt.
// selectWordAt no-ops on noSelect; selectLineAt no-ops out-of-bounds.
if (!this.selection.focus) this.selection.focus = this.selection.anchor;
this.notifySelectionChange();
}
/**
* Handle a drag-motion at (col, row). In char mode updates focus to the
* exact cell. In word/line mode snaps to word/line boundaries so the
* selection extends by word/line like native macOS. Gated on
* altScreenActive for the same reason as dispatchClick.
*/
handleSelectionDrag(col: number, row: number): void {
if (!this.altScreenActive) return;
const sel = this.selection;
if (sel.anchorSpan) {
extendSelection(sel, this.frontFrame.screen, col, row);
} else {
updateSelection(sel, col, row);
}
this.notifySelectionChange();
}
// Methods to properly suspend stdin for external editor usage
// This is needed to prevent Ink from swallowing keystrokes when an external editor is active
private stdinListeners: Array<{
event: string;
listener: (...args: unknown[]) => void;
}> = [];
private wasRawMode = false;
suspendStdin(): void {
const stdin = this.options.stdin;
if (!stdin.isTTY) {
return;
}
// Store and remove all 'readable' event listeners temporarily
// This prevents Ink from consuming stdin while the editor is active
const readableListeners = stdin.listeners('readable');
logForDebugging(`[stdin] suspendStdin: removing ${readableListeners.length} readable listener(s), wasRawMode=${(stdin as NodeJS.ReadStream & {
isRaw?: boolean;
}).isRaw ?? false}`);
readableListeners.forEach(listener => {
this.stdinListeners.push({
event: 'readable',
listener: listener as (...args: unknown[]) => void
});
stdin.removeListener('readable', listener as (...args: unknown[]) => void);
});
// If raw mode is enabled, disable it temporarily
const stdinWithRaw = stdin as NodeJS.ReadStream & {
isRaw?: boolean;
setRawMode?: (mode: boolean) => void;
};
if (stdinWithRaw.isRaw && stdinWithRaw.setRawMode) {
stdinWithRaw.setRawMode(false);
this.wasRawMode = true;
}
}
resumeStdin(): void {
const stdin = this.options.stdin;
if (!stdin.isTTY) {
return;
}
// Re-attach all the stored listeners
if (this.stdinListeners.length === 0 && !this.wasRawMode) {
logForDebugging('[stdin] resumeStdin: called with no stored listeners and wasRawMode=false (possible desync)', {
level: 'warn'
});
}
logForDebugging(`[stdin] resumeStdin: re-attaching ${this.stdinListeners.length} listener(s), wasRawMode=${this.wasRawMode}`);
this.stdinListeners.forEach(({
event,
listener
}) => {
stdin.addListener(event, listener);
});
this.stdinListeners = [];
// Re-enable raw mode if it was enabled before
if (this.wasRawMode) {
const stdinWithRaw = stdin as NodeJS.ReadStream & {
setRawMode?: (mode: boolean) => void;
};
if (stdinWithRaw.setRawMode) {
stdinWithRaw.setRawMode(true);
}
this.wasRawMode = false;
}
}
// Stable identity for TerminalWriteContext. An inline arrow here would
// change on every render() call (initial mount + each resize), which
// cascades through useContext → <AlternateScreen>'s useLayoutEffect dep
// array → spurious exit+re-enter of the alt screen on every SIGWINCH.
private writeRaw(data: string): void {
this.options.stdout.write(data);
}
private setCursorDeclaration: CursorDeclarationSetter = (decl, clearIfNode) => {
if (decl === null && clearIfNode !== undefined && this.cursorDeclaration?.node !== clearIfNode) {
return;
}
this.cursorDeclaration = decl;
};
render(node: ReactNode): void {
this.currentNode = node;
const tree = <App stdin={this.options.stdin} stdout={this.options.stdout} stderr={this.options.stderr} exitOnCtrlC={this.options.exitOnCtrlC} onExit={this.unmount} terminalColumns={this.terminalColumns} terminalRows={this.terminalRows} selection={this.selection} onSelectionChange={this.notifySelectionChange} onClickAt={this.dispatchClick} onHoverAt={this.dispatchHover} getHyperlinkAt={this.getHyperlinkAt} onOpenHyperlink={this.openHyperlink} onMultiClick={this.handleMultiClick} onSelectionDrag={this.handleSelectionDrag} onStdinResume={this.reassertTerminalModes} onCursorDeclaration={this.setCursorDeclaration} dispatchKeyboardEvent={this.dispatchKeyboardEvent}>
<TerminalWriteProvider value={this.writeRaw}>
{node}
</TerminalWriteProvider>
</App>;
// @ts-expect-error updateContainerSync exists in react-reconciler but not in @types/react-reconciler
reconciler.updateContainerSync(tree, this.container, null, noop);
// @ts-expect-error flushSyncWork exists in react-reconciler but not in @types/react-reconciler
reconciler.flushSyncWork();
}
unmount(error?: Error | number | null): void {
if (this.isUnmounted) {
return;
}
this.onRender();
this.unsubscribeExit();
if (typeof this.restoreConsole === 'function') {
this.restoreConsole();
}
this.restoreStderr?.();
this.unsubscribeTTYHandlers?.();
// Non-TTY environments don't handle erasing ansi escapes well, so it's better to
// only render last frame of non-static output
const diff = this.log.renderPreviousOutput_DEPRECATED(this.frontFrame);
writeDiffToTerminal(this.terminal, optimize(diff));
// Clean up terminal modes synchronously before process exit.
// React's componentWillUnmount won't run in time when process.exit() is called,
// so we must reset terminal modes here to prevent escape sequence leakage.
// Use writeSync to stdout (fd 1) to ensure writes complete before exit.
// We unconditionally send all disable sequences because terminal detection
// may not work correctly (e.g., in tmux, screen) and these are no-ops on
// terminals that don't support them.
/* eslint-disable custom-rules/no-sync-fs -- process exiting; async writes would be dropped */
if (this.options.stdout.isTTY) {
if (this.altScreenActive) {
// <AlternateScreen>'s unmount effect won't run during signal-exit.
// Exit alt screen FIRST so other cleanup sequences go to the main screen.
writeSync(1, EXIT_ALT_SCREEN);
}
// Disable mouse tracking — unconditional because altScreenActive can be
// stale if AlternateScreen's unmount (which flips the flag) raced a
// blocked event loop + SIGINT. No-op if tracking was never enabled.
writeSync(1, DISABLE_MOUSE_TRACKING);
// Drain stdin so in-flight mouse events don't leak to the shell
this.drainStdin();
// Disable extended key reporting (both kitty and modifyOtherKeys)
writeSync(1, DISABLE_MODIFY_OTHER_KEYS);
writeSync(1, DISABLE_KITTY_KEYBOARD);
// Disable focus events (DECSET 1004)
writeSync(1, DFE);
// Disable bracketed paste mode
writeSync(1, DBP);
// Show cursor
writeSync(1, SHOW_CURSOR);
// Clear iTerm2 progress bar
writeSync(1, CLEAR_ITERM2_PROGRESS);
// Clear tab status (OSC 21337) so a stale dot doesn't linger
if (supportsTabStatus()) writeSync(1, wrapForMultiplexer(CLEAR_TAB_STATUS));
}
/* eslint-enable custom-rules/no-sync-fs */
this.isUnmounted = true;
// Cancel any pending throttled renders to prevent accessing freed Yoga nodes
this.scheduleRender.cancel?.();
if (this.drainTimer !== null) {
clearTimeout(this.drainTimer);
this.drainTimer = null;
}
// @ts-expect-error updateContainerSync exists in react-reconciler but not in @types/react-reconciler
reconciler.updateContainerSync(null, this.container, null, noop);
// @ts-expect-error flushSyncWork exists in react-reconciler but not in @types/react-reconciler
reconciler.flushSyncWork();
instances.delete(this.options.stdout);
// Free the root yoga node, then clear its reference. Children are already
// freed by the reconciler's removeChildFromContainer; using .free() (not
// .freeRecursive()) avoids double-freeing them.
this.rootNode.yogaNode?.free();
this.rootNode.yogaNode = undefined;
if (error instanceof Error) {
this.rejectExitPromise(error);
} else {
this.resolveExitPromise();
}
}
async waitUntilExit(): Promise<void> {
this.exitPromise ||= new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
this.resolveExitPromise = resolve;
this.rejectExitPromise = reject;
});
return this.exitPromise;
}
resetLineCount(): void {
if (this.options.stdout.isTTY) {
// Swap so old front becomes back (for screen reuse), then reset front
this.backFrame = this.frontFrame;
this.frontFrame = emptyFrame(this.frontFrame.viewport.height, this.frontFrame.viewport.width, this.stylePool, this.charPool, this.hyperlinkPool);
this.log.reset();
// frontFrame is reset, so frame.cursor on the next render is (0,0).
// Clear displayCursor so the preamble doesn't compute a stale delta.
this.displayCursor = null;
}
}
/**
* Replace char/hyperlink pools with fresh instances to prevent unbounded
* growth during long sessions. Migrates the front frame's screen IDs into
* the new pools so diffing remains correct. The back frame doesn't need
* migration resetScreen zeros it before any reads.
*
* Call between conversation turns or periodically.
*/
resetPools(): void {
this.charPool = new CharPool();
this.hyperlinkPool = new HyperlinkPool();
migrateScreenPools(this.frontFrame.screen, this.charPool, this.hyperlinkPool);
// Back frame's data is zeroed by resetScreen before reads, but its pool
// references are used by the renderer to intern new characters. Point
// them at the new pools so the next frame's IDs are comparable.
this.backFrame.screen.charPool = this.charPool;
this.backFrame.screen.hyperlinkPool = this.hyperlinkPool;
}
patchConsole(): () => void {
// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noConsole: intentionally patching global console
const con = console;
const originals: Partial<Record<keyof Console, Console[keyof Console]>> = {};
const toDebug = (...args: unknown[]) => logForDebugging(`console.log: ${format(...args)}`);
const toError = (...args: unknown[]) => logError(new Error(`console.error: ${format(...args)}`));
for (const m of CONSOLE_STDOUT_METHODS) {
originals[m] = con[m];
con[m] = toDebug;
}
for (const m of CONSOLE_STDERR_METHODS) {
originals[m] = con[m];
con[m] = toError;
}
originals.assert = con.assert;
con.assert = (condition: unknown, ...args: unknown[]) => {
if (!condition) toError(...args);
};
return () => Object.assign(con, originals);
}
/**
* Intercept process.stderr.write so stray writes (config.ts, hooks.ts,
* third-party deps) don't corrupt the alt-screen buffer. patchConsole only
* hooks console.* methods direct stderr writes bypass it, land at the
* parked cursor, scroll the alt-screen, and desync frontFrame from the
* physical terminal. Next diff writes only changed-in-React cells at
* absolute coords interleaved garbage.
*
* Swallows the write (routes text to the debug log) and, in alt-screen,
* forces a full-damage repaint as a defensive recovery. Not patching
* process.stdout Ink itself writes there.
*/
private patchStderr(): () => void {
const stderr = process.stderr;
const originalWrite = stderr.write;
let reentered = false;
const intercept = (chunk: Uint8Array | string, encodingOrCb?: BufferEncoding | ((err?: Error) => void), cb?: (err?: Error) => void): boolean => {
const callback = typeof encodingOrCb === 'function' ? encodingOrCb : cb;
// Reentrancy guard: logForDebugging → writeToStderr → here. Pass
// through to the original so --debug-to-stderr still works and we
// don't stack-overflow.
if (reentered) {
const encoding = typeof encodingOrCb === 'string' ? encodingOrCb : undefined;
return originalWrite.call(stderr, chunk, encoding, callback);
}
reentered = true;
try {
const text = typeof chunk === 'string' ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk).toString('utf8');
logForDebugging(`[stderr] ${text}`, {
level: 'warn'
});
if (this.altScreenActive && !this.isUnmounted && !this.isPaused) {
this.prevFrameContaminated = true;
this.scheduleRender();
}
} finally {
reentered = false;
callback?.();
}
return true;
};
stderr.write = intercept;
return () => {
if (stderr.write === intercept) {
stderr.write = originalWrite;
}
};
}
}
/**
* Discard pending stdin bytes so in-flight escape sequences (mouse tracking
* reports, bracketed-paste markers) don't leak to the shell after exit.
*
* Two layers of trickiness:
*
* 1. setRawMode is termios, not fcntl the stdin fd stays blocking, so
* readSync on it would hang forever. Node doesn't expose fcntl, so we
* open /dev/tty fresh with O_NONBLOCK (all fds to the controlling
* terminal share one line-discipline input queue).
*
* 2. By the time forceExit calls this, detachForShutdown has already put
* the TTY back in cooked (canonical) mode. Canonical mode line-buffers
* input until newline, so O_NONBLOCK reads return EAGAIN even when
* mouse bytes are sitting in the buffer. We briefly re-enter raw mode
* so reads return any available bytes, then restore cooked mode.
*
* Safe to call multiple times. Call as LATE as possible in the exit path:
* DISABLE_MOUSE_TRACKING has terminal round-trip latency, so events can
* arrive for a few ms after it's written.
*/
/* eslint-disable custom-rules/no-sync-fs -- must be sync; called from signal handler / unmount */
export function drainStdin(stdin: NodeJS.ReadStream = process.stdin): void {
if (!stdin.isTTY) return;
// Drain Node's stream buffer (bytes libuv already pulled in). read()
// returns null when empty — never blocks.
try {
while (stdin.read() !== null) {
/* discard */
}
} catch {
/* stream may be destroyed */
}
// No /dev/tty on Windows; CONIN$ doesn't support O_NONBLOCK semantics.
// Windows Terminal also doesn't buffer mouse reports the same way.
if (process.platform === 'win32') return;
// termios is per-device: flip stdin to raw so canonical-mode line
// buffering doesn't hide partial input from the non-blocking read.
// Restored in the finally block.
const tty = stdin as NodeJS.ReadStream & {
isRaw?: boolean;
setRawMode?: (raw: boolean) => void;
};
const wasRaw = tty.isRaw === true;
// Drain the kernel TTY buffer via a fresh O_NONBLOCK fd. Bounded at 64
// reads (64KB) — a real mouse burst is a few hundred bytes; the cap
// guards against a terminal that ignores O_NONBLOCK.
let fd = -1;
try {
// setRawMode inside try: on revoked TTY (SIGHUP/SSH disconnect) the
// ioctl throws EBADF — same recovery path as openSync/readSync below.
if (!wasRaw) tty.setRawMode?.(true);
fd = openSync('/dev/tty', fsConstants.O_RDONLY | fsConstants.O_NONBLOCK);
const buf = Buffer.alloc(1024);
for (let i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
if (readSync(fd, buf, 0, buf.length, null) <= 0) break;
}
} catch {
// EAGAIN (buffer empty — expected), ENXIO/ENOENT (no controlling tty),
// EBADF/EIO (TTY revoked — SIGHUP, SSH disconnect)
} finally {
if (fd >= 0) {
try {
closeSync(fd);
} catch {
/* ignore */
}
}
if (!wasRaw) {
try {
tty.setRawMode?.(false);
} catch {
/* TTY may be gone */
}
}
}
}
/* eslint-enable custom-rules/no-sync-fs */
const CONSOLE_STDOUT_METHODS = ['log', 'info', 'debug', 'dir', 'dirxml', 'count', 'countReset', 'group', 'groupCollapsed', 'groupEnd', 'table', 'time', 'timeEnd', 'timeLog'] as const;
const CONSOLE_STDERR_METHODS = ['warn', 'error', 'trace'] as const;
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